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Education & Evidence

Links to pages and articles supporting current 

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Estradiol for Women
 

Estradiol (E2) is an important hormone for both men and women

 

It is one of the 3 primary estrogens made by women throughout their life, including estriol and estrone.  E2 is the most potent of the 3, being up to 80x stronger than estriol.  It is the loss of this hormone in menopause that increases a woman's risk for heart disease, cancers, stroke osteoporosis, and diabetes.  

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Bioidentical estradiol is not the same as conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) and does not carry the same risk factors.  CEE is 15% estradiol and 85% nonbioidentical estrogens with much higher potency and thrombogenic.

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Estrogen and lipids

 

The Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) Trial

Conclusions:  Estrogen alone or in combination with a progestin improves lipoproteins and fibrinogen. 

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JAMA. 1995 Dec 6;274(21):1675; 

Estrogen and atherosclerosis

 

Estrogen in the prevention of atherosclerosis

Conclusions:  Rate of progression of subclinical atherosclerosis was slower in healthy menopausal women taking estrogen but not in women taking lipid-lowering medication. 

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H N Hodis 1, W J Mack, R A Lobo, D Shoupe, A Sevanian, P R Mahrer, R H Selzer, C R Liu Cr, C H Liu Ch, S P Azen; Estrogen in the Prevention of Atherosclerosis Trial Research Group

Estrogen and atherosclerosis

 

Estrogen in the prevention of atherosclerosis

Conclusions:  Rate of progression of subclinical atherosclerosis was slower in healthy menopausal women taking estrogen but not in women taking lipid-lowering medication. 

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H N Hodis 1, W J Mack, R A Lobo, D Shoupe, A Sevanian, P R Mahrer, R H Selzer, C R Liu Cr, C H Liu Ch, S P Azen; Estrogen in the Prevention of Atherosclerosis Trial Research Group

Progesterone
 

Testosterone in Women
 

Testosterone in Men
 

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